We are giving a comprehensive list of the top abbreviations of year 2015 that came to news. We sincerely hope that this listing would prove beneficial for you for your preparations.

➡ NITI
NITI – National Institution for Transforming India
Prime Minister Narendra Modi on 1 January 2015 announced replacing the Planning Commission with the NITI Aayog or the Policy Commission. The term NITI, which means policy in Hindi, was taken from the new body NITI (National Institution for Transforming India), will act more like a think tank or forum in contrast with the Commission which imposed five-year-plans and allocated resources to hit set economic targets.

➡ PRAGATI
PRAGATI – Pro-Active Governance and Timely Implementation
PRAGATI is the name given to the ambitious multi-purpose and multi-modal platform to address public grievances that was launched by Prime Minister Narendra Modi on 25 March 2015. The PRAGATI platform integrates three latest technologies – digital data management, video-conferencing and geo-spatial technology. It also offers a unique combination in the direction of cooperative federalism since it brings on one stage the Secretaries of Government of India and the Chief Secretaries of the States. It will be interactive as well as integrative. From now on the fourth Wednesday of every month will be known as PRAGATI Day and it will feature the Prime Minister interacting with the Government of India Secretaries, and Chief Secretaries through Video-conferencing enabled by the PRAGATI platform. The PRAGATI platform has been designed in-house by the PMO team with the help of National Informatics Center (NIC).

➡ PaHaL
PaHaL – Pratyaksha Hastaantarit Laabh
The acronym PaHaL stands for the Direct Benefit Transfer Scheme for LPG Subsidy. Under PaHaL, LPG cylinders are sold at market rates and entitled consumers get the subsidy directly into their bank accounts. This is done either through an Aadhaar linkage or a bank account linkage. PaHaL aims to reduce diversion and eliminate duplicate or bogus LPG connections. It is perhaps the world’s largest cash transfer program as compared to similar programs in other countries, such as China, Mexico and Brazil. As on 31 January 2015 around 9.75 crore LPG consumers have joined the scheme. This is 66% of the total consumer base of 15 crore.

➡HRIDAY
HRIDAY – Heritage Development and Augmentation Yojana
HRIDAY is the name of a new plan launched by the Union Urban Development Ministry on 21 January 2015 that seeks to preserve and rejuvenate the rich cultural heritage of the country. It seeks to promote an integrated, inclusive and sustainable development of heritage sites, focusing not just on maintenance of monuments but on advancement of the entire ecosystem including its citizens, tourists and local businesses. Under HRIDAY Rs.500 crore would be provided to the 12 cities selected in the first phase and the Central Government will meet the entire expenditure under the scheme. These 12 cities include Varanasi, Amritsar, Warangal, Ajmer, Gaya, Mathura, Kanchipuram, Vellankini, Amaravati, Badami, Dwarka and Puri.

➡EEU
EEU – Eurasian Economic Union
EEU is a political and economic union between Russia, Belarus, Armenia, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan that came into effect on 1 January 2015. A treaty aiming for the establishment of the EEU was signed on 29 May 2014.

➡NSM
NSM – National Supercomputing Mission
National Supercomputing Mission is the name of the mission established during March 2015 with the objective of putting India in the league of world class computing power nations. NSM would be implemented and steered jointly by the Department of Science and Technology (DST) and Department of Electronics and Information Technology (DeitY) at an estimated cost of Rs.4500 crore over a period of seven years. Currently, in the top Supercomputing machines in the world, a major share is taken from advanced countries such as the US, Japan, China and the European Union (EU). The mission envisages India to be in the select league of such nations. The NSM envisages empowering country’s academic and R&D institutions by installing a vast supercomputing grid comprising of more than 70 high-performance computing facilities. These supercomputers will also be networked on the National Supercomputing grid over the National Knowledge Network (NKN). The NKN is another programme of the government which connects academic institutions and R&D labs over a high speed network.

➡AMRUT
AMRUT – Atal Mission for Rejuvenation and Urban Transformation
Union Govt. has decided to rename the second phase of JNNURM, the scheme to rejuvenate India’s 500 cities and towns, after Atal Bihari Vajpayee. This scheme will be known as Atal Mission for Rejuvenation and Urban Transformation (AMRUT). Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission (JNNURM) was a massive city-modernisation scheme launched by the Government of India under Ministry of Urban Development. It was launched on 3 December 2005 to improve the quality of life and infrastructure in the cities. It had seven-year time frame and its first phase ended in March 2012. Though UPA-II had done preparatory work to approve second phase of JNNURM, it could not clear the scheme. Now the Modi government has decided to rename the second phase after the first BJP Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee. AMRUT will be a 10-year programme with total investment of about Rs 2 lakh crore.

➡MRT
MRT – Mitochondrial Replacement Therapy
MRT is a ground-breaking technique that uses genetic material from three different people to prevent certain inherited and untreatable, genetic diseases from passing from the mother to her offspring. This therapy came to news after it was approved to be adopted in Britain by British Parliament’s lower house, the House of Commons, on 3 February 2015. The technique involves an IVF procedure in which the egg’s defective mitochondrial DNA is replaced with healthy DNA from a female donor. This technique was developed at the University of Newcastle by a team led by Professor Doug Turnbull.

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